Documenti

 


 

"Verso una Società dell’Informazione inclusiva". Discorso del Commissario europeo per la Società dell’Informazione Erkki Liikanen tenuto a Helsinki il 23 novembre in occasione della sessione plenaria dell’ Information Society Forum dell'Unione europea.

 

Documenti di sintesi dei coordinatori dei cinque Gruppi di lavoro per il Piano di Azione dell'Italia

 

 

OECD Forum on Electronic Commerce. Declaration by the Italian Delegation

 

Contribution on the Activities for the Development of the Information Society presented by the Italian Delegation

OECD - Forum on Electronic Commerce

ICCP Meetings

 

COMMERCIO ELETTRONICO:

PROPOSTA DI DIRETTIVA EUROPEA

 

PRESIDENZA DEL CONSIGLIO DEI MINISTRI

 

DIPARTIMENTO PER IL COORDINAMENTO DELLE POLITICHE COMUNITARIE

 

UFFICIO MERCATO INTERNO

 

OGGETTO: PROPOSTA DI DIRETTIVA RELATIVA A TALUNI ASPETTI GIURIDICI DEL COMMERCIO ELETTRONICO NEL MERCATO INTERNO

 

IL Consiglio Mercato Interno del 21 giugno 1999 ha valutato i progressi compiuti nei lavori sulla proposta di direttiva in oggetto.

La proposta è volta ad istituire un quadro giuridico coerente per lo sviluppo del commercio elettronico nell’ambito del mercato unico. Essa si basa su varie altre iniziative e le completa (direttiva "trasparenza", protezione dei dati personali, protezione giuridica dei servizi di accesso condizionato, firme elettroniche). L’insieme di questi strumenti consentirà di eliminare i rimanenti ostacoli giuridici alla fornitura di servizi per via elettronica, ottimizzando così i vantaggi del commercio elettronico, sia per i cittadini che per l’industria nell’UE soprattutto le PMI.

La Commissione Europea propone di migliorare la coerenza del quadro giuridico per lo sviluppo del commercio elettronico:

chiarendo l’applicazione dei principi chiave del mercato interno (libertà di stabilimento dei prestatori e libera circolazione dei servizi) ai servizi della società dell’informazione; il principio fondamentale è che tali servizi possano essere forniti in tutta l’UE se essi rispettano la legislazione del proprio Paese d’origine;

completando la normativa comunitaria vigente con l’ulteriore armonizzazione di alcuni aspetti giuridici specifici correlati a tali servizi, concernenti in particolare:

comunicazioni commerciali

conclusione di contratti on-line

responsabilità degli intermediari

applicazione del quadro giuridico.

Queste misure intendono eliminare tutti gli ostacoli giuridici risultanti dalla divergenza o dalla sovrapposizione delle normative degli Stati Membri e garantire così, insieme all’acquis già esistente, la libera prestazione dei servizi on-line all’interno dell’Unione.

Le delegazioni hanno in generale accolto positivamente l’iniziativa dell’esecutivo comunitario.

Tutti gli Stati Membri si sono espressi a favore dell’istituzione di un quadro normativo chiaro per il commercio elettronico a livello comunitario e sostengono l’applicazione dei principi del mercato interno. Per quanto riguarda il contenuto specifico della proposta, molte delegazioni stanno ancora definendo la loro posizione definitiva.

 


A NEW EUROPEAN SOCIAL AGENDA: A PROPOSAL FOR ACTION FROM THE BRITISH AND ITALIAN GOVERNMENTS

  1. Europe faces a new challenge: how to combine an inclusive society, fairness and social protection with an economy which is dynamic, productive, creates new jobs and meets the challenges of an increasingly global economy.
  2. The British and Italian governments commit themselves jointly to developing a new European social agenda, offering jobs and opportunities for all and a genuinely inclusive society. Fundamental to this approach is that social cohesion and social inclusion will be promoted by economic reforms of our labour, product and capital markets. In addition the social agenda should be developed through:

    A Ending social exclusion

    • developing guidelines for member states' treatment of social exclusion, building on best practice and joint work underway, and encouraging national policy measures to help the excluded back into employment;
    • stimulating an EU wide debate on how best to combat different forms of exclusion, drawing on experience in the private sector and voluntary sector.

     

    B Equality of opportunity for all European citizens in the EU labour market. We need to fight all types of discrimination.

    • racial discrimination;
    • sexual discrimination;
    • age discrimination, developing an active ageing agenda;
    • discrimination against the disabled.

     

    This process should be done by mainstreaming anti-discrimination policies. Where legislation is needed to achieve these objectives, it should be developed in a light but effective way.

    Europe's society must be mobile; all European citizens should be equipped to take advantages of job opportunities through the union. We must:

    • encourage student mobility, particularly in the scientific sector;
    • remove remaining barriers to mutual recognition of qualifications;
    • establish weather further significant barriers exist which need to be addressed by common action.

     

    C A knowledge based society Member states need to make a new commitment to knowledge and innovation, working together to:

    • encourage a culture change in our societies to ensure that we foster a more innovative knowledge based economy through:

      -a greater emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship, particularly among the young, in all relevant Community programmes including structural funds, Socrates, Leonardo, Youth etc;

      -developing familiarity with the electronic economy by putting all schools on the Internet, developing links between business schools and strengthening partnership between industry and local communities;

    • promote a society of lifelong learning, which is the key to economic success and to an inclusive, cohesive and dynamic society. In the competitive, global economy of today, that means:

      -better access to education and training and higher levels of attainment;

      -investment in young people so that more continue to study; -learning in the workplace;

      -a learning society in which everyone expects to learn and upgrade skills throughout life.

    • improve our research efforts, focusing on better links between pure and applied research, and the spin-off of new ideas into successful businesses;
    • use best practice and benchmarking to draw on the most effective experience of each member state which others can draw upon to develop appropriate national policies.

     

    D More focused employment policy

    • evaluating more rigorously the impact of social and other policies on employment, including the interaction of tax and benefit systems, for instance through the Employment Guidelines and in the general framework of the Employment pact signed at Cologne; assessing the contribution of social policies to delivering social inclusion through more job opportunities, their effectiveness within the member states and potential value added at the EU level;
    • in particular, we will establish a joint study of our respective experience of policies for welfare to work, establishing agreed criteria for measuring their success.

     

  3. The commission has a vital role in all the above areas in developing strategy, acting as a catalyst, and focussing with Member States on common social policy problems, and similarly in medium term social priorities.
  • we have to consider how to ensure that with an ageing population the public sector financial demands of pensions and other social protection systems remain within member states financing possibilities. All Member States face this problem, yet with national differences. A Commission study on how member states plan to fund national pension provision in 2020 would be a useful focus for this debate:
  • we similarly need to consider the continuing impact of globalisation and the effects of EMU and of the continuing integration of international financial markets in unifying access to private pension provision both in terms of the range of policies available and also savings opportunities open to national investors.
  • we must be clear about the principles underlying affordable and effective tax and benefit systems.

 

  1. We look forward to continuing dialogue with the Commission and other member states in the months ahead in support of the objective we all share. While we benefit from the market economy we must never become a market society and we must ensure that social inclusion and social justice remain hallmarks of European civilisation.

 

Cabinet Office

8th July 1999

Dal Corriere della Sera, 8 dicembre, pag. 19

"Internet mi ha ridato la voce e la vita"

Paolo, paralizzato di 23 anni: col computer fa progetti nella Rete e parla con tutto il mondo

 

CASTELFRANCO VENETO (Treviso) - Paolo Berro apre e chiude finestre, dalla mattina alla sera. E costruisce macchine, progetta ponti, guida gli amici per le "piste nere" da sci. Tutto ciò fa a Castelfranco Veneto e a Los Angeles, a Torino e a Melbourne, Australia. Eppure, a 23 anni, Paolo è una pietra: morto, dalle spalle in giù. Non può grattarsi, sollevare un dito, fare pipì senza che un altro lo aiuti con il catetere. In un pomeriggio d'autunno sta qui, sulla sua sedia a rotelle davanti al computer. C'è un grande silenzio, nel salotto di casa. "Apri finestra, chiudi finestra – dice rapidissimo Paolo, nel microfono che gli sta accanto alle labbra - mouse a destra, mouse a sinistra, vai su, vai giù...". Si sente solo la sua voce, un po' imperiosa e un po' affettuosa. La freccetta balena, lo schermo si apre, la freccetta galoppa sulle autostrade di Internet. "Ecco -mormora Paolo - ora ci sono dentro". E "dentro" è appunto Los Angeles, le università americane, le aziende che richiedono i progetti di Paolo per gli aiuti agli handicappati, le case di centinaia dinuovi amici, i videogiochi di sci o il Politecnico di Torino, dove Paolo frequenta in videoconferenza - primo studente in Italia - il terz'anno di ingegneria meccanica.

Questa è una storia senza lacrime. O almeno, senza lacrime che appaiano: "Mai pianto tutti insieme - dicono Giorgio e Maria Teresa, i genitori di Paolo che hanno lasciato il lavoro per stargli vicino - quando a uno di noi scappa da piangere, va nell'altra stanza e chiude la porta". Viene un amico, uno dei tanti, accetta un goccio di vino e lo offre a Paolo: "No - ride lui, scolpito sulla carrozzella - no grazie, sennò mi cascano le gambe". Sorride spesso: "Prima, ero sempre felice.

Oggi, ringrazio di essere così: di non non esserci". Però "prima", fino al 2 maggio 1998, lui era un campioncino di sci, 1 metro e 86 di muscoli mai fermi. Il 2 maggio, vicino a casa, un banale incidente d'auto. Sono i genitori a ritrovare Paolo: "Bello come il sole - ricorda la mamma – senza un graffio, come addormentato". Ma aveva una vertebra lussata, e una rotta: "tetraplegia flaccida" una parolaccia che vuol dire diventar di pietra. Paolo e i genitori tornarono a casa il 17 maggio '99, dopo un anno e più negli ospedali. "Un miracolo, se si salva", mormoravano i medici nei primi giorni: 23 spesi in fin di vita, i polmoni spenti, una placca di titanio sulla trachea aperta e il respiro che veniva su con il respiratore meccanico. "Pesavo 55 chili. Respiravo, con un palloncino che mi pompava l'aria dentro, ma non parlavo. Poi, una boccata d'aria dal palloncino e una sillaba, una boccata e una sillaba... Per 5 mesi". Finché una sera la madre torna a casa, e suona il telefono: "Era lui. Mi soffiò nel microfono: "ciao mamma, ti voglio bene", e fu come metterlo al mondo un'altra volta".

Ma quello è solo l'inizio. Un giorno, all'ospedale di Negrar, vicino a Verona, portano Paolo davanti a un computer con il Dragon Dictate, un programma di riconoscimento vocale: "E mi dicono che "lui"ha bisogno della mia voce per funzionare. L'alternativa è spingere il mouse con la fronte: una lettera alla volta, troppo lento. Così capisco che devo sforzarmi: respirare sempre meglio, e ogni respiro una parola. Voglio disperatamente comunicare con "lui" per utilizzare Internet e parlare ai miei amici con le E-mail. E una mattina dico tutto d'un fiato: "supercalifragilistichespiralidoso"".

Quella, la parola magica di Mary Poppins, è il segno della vittoria: il computer ridà a Paolo la voce, e Paolo dalle gambe morte è libero di galoppare in rete. Non lo fermano più: in quello stesso ospedale, costruisce la sua prima pagina Internet e poi l'archivio elettronico del reparto; poi le pagine Web di amici vecchi e nuovi; poi fa le ricerche in rete per altri amici; e i "viaggi" in tutto il mondo. Il resto è l'oggi: sveglia alle 7, catetere; vestono Paolo, lo lavano: lui legge i giornali in rete; e fa la fisioterapia in casa, "ma durante la ginnastica statica mi guardo le lezioni al videoregistratore"; di nuovo il catetere; il fax, le E-mail, il pranzo e il pomeriggio ancora al computer, con la telecamera sul monitor per le lezioni universitarie in teleconferenza; e il telefono che non smette mai di suonare, ogni due minuti la mamma lo accosta all'orecchio di Paolo. Le E-mail piovono a decine (indirizzo: grozio @hotmail.com); il sito di Paolo riceve centinaia di visite (http://utenti.tripod.it/grozio); qualche azienda chiede consiglio, Paolo progetta una carrozzella elettronica, che ora sta per brevettare in tutto il mondo. "Ho avuto tanto, grazie a Internet e al computer. Se l'incidente fosse accaduto 5 anni fa, tutto sarebbe stato diverso". Chissà, forse lo pensa: un tempo, lui sarebbe stato al massimo come quei paralitici che dipingevano con la bocca o i piedi. Invece "ho acquistato tanti amici, e la capacità di ascoltare gli altri, e quella di conoscere meglio me stesso. Sì, ho avuto una tragedia. Ma sinceramente sto bene anche così. E poi non ho tempo per lamentarmi: con tutte le cose che ho da fare...".

Scende la sera, arriva l'E-mail del "nonno multimediale", come lo chiama Paolo: è un ingegnere di 71 anni, di Milano, si sono conosciuti in rete e un giorno il "nonno" è venuto anche qui; poi "chiama" l'amico più caro di Paolo che sta a New York; e da Palermo, uno studente di biologia che ha dedicato a Paolo la sua tesi di laurea; e da Genova, un pensionato che ogni sera gli manda un "pensierino da boy-scout"; e poi Gilberto, un sordo e cieco paralizzato al volto; e una ragazzache domanda consiglio per il fidanzato ammalato ("Paolo, dimmelo tu, dove ho sbagliato?") e tanti altri che chiedono aiuto. Molti, fra i disabili, sono gli stessi che vuole aiutare "Progetto Insieme",

l'iniziativa patrocinata dal "Corriere".

Ma lui, Paolo, che cosa chiede? "Niente per me, sono servito come un re. Certo, avrei bisogno di un voltapagine elettriche, ma costa oltre 5 milioni e non voglio chiedere ancora ai miei che hanno già speso tanto. Per gli altri sì, vorrei qualcosa: che le Usl "passino" a chi ne ha bisogno la terapia a domicilio (io ce l'ho in via sperimentale); e che in ogni comune ci sia un organismo politico-sociale cui possano rivolgersi i disabili per avere informazioni sicure e soluzioni non temporanee. Noi abbiamo trovato molte persone meravigliose, nelle Usl e altrove: ma anche tante umiliazioni. Mio padre ha fatto 1000 chilometri in tre mesi, solo per la burocrazia, per avere le carte giuste...".

Ora il viso è serio, ma subito torna il sorriso: un nuovo messaggio lampeggia sullo schermo.

"Vede? Non sto mai fermo, io", ride il ragazzo dal corpo pietrificato.

Luigi Offeddu

 

Tratto da: www.repubblica.it

30 agosto: Internet compie trent’anni


Era un sabato del 1969. All'University of California at Los Angeles arriva un computer grande come un frigorifero. Progettato per una nuova rete telematica...
di Franco Carlini

Il 30 agosto del 1969 era un sabato. Per questo le strade di Los Angeles, dall’aereoporto al campus universitario dell’Ucla (University of California at Los Angeles), erano particolarmente tranquille e libere dal traffico. Tanto più che il lunedì successivo sarebbe stata la festa del Labour Day. Un piccolo gruppo di persone, tutte giovani, aspettava sulla porta del dipartimento universitario: l’imballaggio arrivò direttamente da Boston, fu scaricato con la dovuta dolcezza e trasferito al terzo piano, stanza 3400.

Qui venne aperto - era grande come un grande frigorifero - e i cavi elettrici furono collegati. Da una parte della stanza c’era il nuovo arrivato, l’Imp, Interface Message Processor, e dall’altro c’era un computer dell’università, chiamato Sigma-7. Da quel momento i due cominciarono a comunicare l’uno con l’altro: tutto l’hardware e il software furiosamente progettati e collaudati negli ultimi mesi a Boston e a Los Angeles funzionavano a dovere. Vint Cerf aveva preparato una bottiglia di champagne e l’aprirono tutti insieme. C’erano Steve Crocker, Jon Postel, Leonard Kleinrock, Mike Wingfield e Ben Barker, che aveva accompagnato il processore da Boston. Brindarono tranquillamente alla messa in opera del primo nodo della rete Arpanet, la mamma dell’Internet che oggi milioni di persone frequentano ogni giorno.

Trent’anni non sono pochi. Ma la cosa singolare è che quella rete rimase confinata nel mondo della ricerca e delle università per un periodo lunghissimo, circa 25 anni. Solo nel 1993 infatti essa cominciò a divenire popolare, di massa, commerciale; oggetto di migliaia di articoli giornalistici, scatenatrice di sogni e di illusioni.

Anche sulle sue origini, peraltro, c’è discussione. Un punto di vista largamente diffuso, fino a divenire un luogo comune, è che la rete Arpanet sia figlia della guerra fredda: i militari americani avevano bisogno di un sistema di comunicazione sicuro, capace di reggere e di tenere in contatto i comandi strategici anche nel caso di guerra nucleare. Per questo avrebbero finanziato quel progetto, attraverso l’agenzia Arpa (Advanced Research Projects Agency).

Ma le cose non andarono esattamente così, almeno a sentire i testimoni dell’epoca, ancora oggi quasi tutti viventi. L’aspetto militare compare effettivamente solo in uno studio della Rand Corporation, emesso da Paul Baran a metà degli anni Sessanta. Ma la spinta originale a investire risorse umane e finanziare in una rete di computer era un altro: si trattava semplicemente di rendere più efficiente l’uso dei computer che allora erano tutti molto grandi, molto costosi e tutti diversi l’uno dall’altro.

Che bello sarebbe stato se un ricercatore di Boston avesse potuto collegarsi dalla sua stanza con una macchina da calcolo situata nello Utah e fare i suoi conti in maniera interattiva, sia pure "da remoto". La ricostruzione di questo dibattito si trova anche nel libro italiano "Internet Pinocchio e il Gendarme" e un estratto è disponibile anche online (http://www.totem.to/fac/arpanet.htm).

Gli ideatori di quel progetto all’interno dell’Arpa furono soprattutto due, Rob Taylor e Larry Roberts. Furono loro a stendere le specifiche del progetto e per la pubblica gara che ebbe luogo nell’estate del 1968. Si trattava di costruire un computer specializzato, un Imp appunto, che svolgesse le funzioni di traduttore di messaggi tra la rete futura e le singole macchine che a essa si sarebbero affacciate.

Nell’occasione alcune delle grandi firme dell’informatica sbagliarono clamorosamente le valutazioni. Sia la Control Data Corporation che la grande Ibm ritennero che il progetto fosse troppo ambizioso e che richiedesse comunque macchine molto potenti, come un Ibm 360, un grande mainframe dell’epoca.

La gara fu vinta invece da una piccola società di consulenza di Cambridge nel Massachusetts, la Bbn, Bolton Beranek and Newman. Al suo interno la squadra era guidata da Frank Heart e Robert Kahn, che pilotavano un piccolo gruppo di softwaristi. L’hardware specializzato venne realizzato dalla Honeywell, su indicazione della Bbn. Contrariamente a quanto si potrebbe immaginare, dunque, il lavoro iniziale di progettazione dell’Internet non fu californiano, ma figlio della cultura tecnologia del Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

I primi otto mesi del 1969 furono tremendi, come sempre accade quando il tempo di consegna si avvicina e il progetto è completamente nuovo e difficile. La ricostruzione di quella vittoriosa corsa contro il tempo è stata fatta, in gradevolissimo stile narrativo, da due giornalisti americani, Katie Hafner e David Lyon; è leggibile anche in italiano nel loro libro "La storia del futuro. Le origini di Internet", Feltrinelli, Interzone.

Come era forse inevitabile, quei protagonisti erano tanto bravi e scatenati quanto assolutamente inconsapevoli di quello che stavano innescando. Si trattava solo di far parlare una macchina lontana con un’altra macchina lontana, sperimentando nell’occasione delle regole di comunicazione fino ad allora inesplorate (la cosiddetta "commutazione a pacchetto").

Ma presto loro stessi avrebbero cominciato a usare la rete non solo per collegare dei computer, ma per mettere in relazione delle persone. Quella che era stata progettata come una tecnica si sarebbe rivelata un "medium" tutto nuovo, alla portata di tutti e ben al di là dei laboratori universitari.

 

 

Address by Prime Minister Lionel Jospin at the 20th Summer Forum on Communication

Hourtin, August 26th, 1999

 

Ladies and Gentlemen,

I am very pleased to be with you at Hourtin for this 20th Summer Forum on Communication. It has been two years since our last meeting, held at this same place, on August 25th, 1997. Those two years have been characterized by a proactive policy on the part of this Administration towards new information and communication technologies. And those same two years have been marked by a profound change: France's entry into the information society. I would like to review what I see to be the significance of that change for our country before I tell you what our Administration's policy will be for the period ahead.

As you know, two years ago, France had fallen behind, a situation which is all the more regrettable since there is no shortage in France of ideas, technologies, entrepreneurs, nor skilled people. France had much to offer in the areas of telecommunications, digital television sets and set-top boxes, educational and games software, security technologies - such as the smart card -, animation, and computer-generated imagery. But at the same time, there were many obstacles. The importance of these technologies was not fully understood and there was a lack of commitment on the part of the Government.

Much progress has been made in the past two years. Today, the French people are adopting the tools of the information society. Sales of personal computers now outstrip television sales. Fifteen million French men and women now own mobile telephones. And though France is still somewhat behind in that area, use of the Internet has grown spectacularly in the past six months - by 45%, which justifies our prediction that we shall rapidly close the gap. The information technology and communications sector now accounts for 5% of GNP -more than the tourist industry and as much as the automotive and energy sectors combined. Thanks to their dynamism, our companies in these sectors are now in fourth place overall worldwide. So France has been making up for lost time over the past two years. And in some areas - education and technological innovation, for example - she has even moved ahead.

This leap forward did not happen on its own. It has drawn on the Administration's proactive policy, a policy whose broad lines I laid down for you here two years ago and which was concretized by an ambitious program of action which we launched in January 1998. Major funding - nearly six billion francs - was provided for this program.

The driving force thus provided by the Administration was essential. We could no longer afford to take a "wait and see" attitude. Relying solely on the spontaneity of the market - which at that time was lacking - would have been dangerous. The Government had the responsibility of giving the signal for the start of a vast collective endeavor.

That is true first of all because this is a strategic sector, one that is a driving force for growth. The center of gravity of economic activity is shifting, so much so that some are referring to the phenomenon as nothing less than a "new economy." Though that may be something of an exaggeration, it refers to a very real process of change, one of which our Administration has understood the full measure. New professions are emerging, and they must be mastered. Innovative products and services are appearing, and they must be made available. The functions of all businesses must evolve, from the design of products through to their distribution to consumers. The explosion of electronic commerce shows that clearly.

The contribution to employment made by these sectors is crucial. And it is employment for our young people that benefits most from it. The information technology sector accounts for one quarter of all the management personnel taken on during 1998. And I am delighted to be able to say that France has the highest proportion of young Internet users of any European country. As a tool for widening their scope and for creativity, this represents a superb opportunity for our young. One look at the average age of the founders of "startup" companies and developers of games and on-line services proves that.

Beyond this new economic reality, what is at stake is even more profound. For this is a sector that is shaping our very society. Information and communication play an ever-growing role in our modern life. They are a part of our freedom. Therefore they must encourage cultural diversity, and not diminish it. That is why the manner in which the development of the information society is handled will be decisive. It is up to us to see to it that the emerging communication arena is one of democracy, solidarity, and pluralism.

From a broader perspective, I feel that the impetus the Administration is giving to this strategic sector is exemplary in showing what the role of government can be in a market economy.

A modern government is a farsighted government. Such a government uses its resources to encourage anticipation, technological awareness, and comprehension of the profound movements that shape tomorrow's world. Research must have top priority in this area. At the meeting of the Interministerial Committee on scientific and technological research, last June 1st, we decided to establish a coordinating committee for information and communication science and technology. Its job will be to bring the activities of our research organizations and our higher education establishments closer together. It will report on its findings and make proposals this Autumn.

The goal of this effort of anticipation is to see to it that the national community benefits as fully as possible from the excellence of our research in telecommunications and in certain state-of-the-art areas of information technology. The report on the technical development of the Internet presented in June by Mr. Jean-François Abramatic to the Minister for Industry, Mr. Christian Perret, has already thrown invaluable light on this important issue. Our resources are still insufficient in relation to the economic importance of these technologies, and must be reinforced and better oriented. France's delay - which is also Europe's delay - can be caught up, and we can be among the leaders in developing the second generation of the Internet. I can announce that the next session of the Interministerial Committee on the Information Society, which could be held at the end of this year, will be devoted to this all-important challenge.

A modern government is one which can provide impetus without taking over from those who play a role in society - citizens, associations, businesses, and communities. The government supports their efforts by providing the resources for them to act on their own. And that is exactly what we are continuing to do at this moment, working out charters between the government and the regions, whose role it will be to contribute to the balanced development of these technologies throughout France.

A modern government is one which sets an example. France's government is in the process of becoming "electronic." In January we published the directive making on-line forms usable for governmental transactions. This year, almost a million taxpayers calculated their income tax via the Internet. Since the beginning of this summer, all public invitations to tender are available on line. And we are continuing with this policy of making the information that is most useful to our private and corporate citizens available free on the Internet. And I am very pleased to note that another Summer Forum - the one held in Amsterdam - rated French sites amongst the best public Web sites in European Union countries.

A modern government is one which assumes its responsibilities toward the functioning of a market economy. One of those responsibilities, an important one, is defining standards. And that is what we have done. For example, last March, two directives made effective the decision to raise the limit on free use of cryptology to 128 bits, as a preliminary to complete freedom of use, which will require a change at legislative level. These decisions, as you know, are of vital importance because they guarantee the confidentiality of message exchanges and security for transactions.

A modern government is one which guarantees the principles and represents the values society has chosen for itself. Such a government ensures that the values of freedom, equality, and solidarity are respected in the digital community. The explosion of information technology must not create a "digital divide."

The Internet must not feed new inequalities in access to knowledge. It is the duty of public service to ensure the balanced development of these technologies throughout the country and equal access to all the essential content distributed by these networks. Through schools in particular, the Government can prevent computer-illiteracy the modern equivalent of print illiteracy. We are making the necessary resources available: the proportion of our secondary schools connected to the Internet is now one of the highest in the world, thanks to the initiative taken by the Minister of Education, Research, and Technology, Mr. Claude Allegre, with the support of local communities. It is part of an overall policy which includes training for teachers and production of multimedia educational materials as well as equipment for schools. And since mid-July, the base speed of RENATER, the educational and research Internet access network, has been increased to 155 megabits per second.

A democratic Internet means a less costly Internet. The effort led by the Administration to bring Internet access rates into line has borne fruit. It has resulted in the launching of several fixed-rate dial-up service packages, including one from France Telecom, available from August 1st. Internet access rates are now lower in France than in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Finland. Such favorable conditions, coupled with the appearance of subscription-free Internet access services, re-investment in cable networks and France-Telecom's launch of an ADSL service, are encouraging the great dynamism of France's Internet market. And the public consultation on conditions of access to local networks, launched by the telecommunications regulatory authority and continuing through the end of the year, will inform future public decisions.

The positive results of the last two years encourage us to continue and to intensify our efforts. Beyond what I have told you about research, let me tell you about some other major areas we are working in.

We are actively preparing for the electronic changeover to the year 2000. Since 1997, this Administration has done everything possible to ensure that this event will be met without disruption. Our country is taking the challenge seriously: 50,000 computer technicians have been working on the problem for the past eighteen months, and the expenditure devoted to our preparations represents more than one percent of the gross national product. France now ranks among the best-prepared industrialized countries. However, I would still like repeat the warning to those in positions of responsibility - in particular in very small companies - who still, wrongly, feel that they are not concerned by the "Y2K bug."

The verifications now being made concentrate on identifying malfunctions that may appear at the moment of the changeover and in the days immediately following it. Accompanying plans - including guarantee measures - have been worked out by the public authorities. We will take stock at the Cabinet meeting on September 22nd, where the country's state of readiness has been placed on the agenda, and then at the session of the national committee for the electronic changeover to the year 2000.

We are combating new forms of crime based on information technology. Such crime is indeed developing rapidly. It calls for strengthening international cooperation in the legal sphere. For our part, we must better coordinate the various services working against these crimes. To this end, Justice Minister Elisabeth Guigou, Interior Minister Jean-Pierre Chevènement, and myself have decided to create a central bureau to fight computer crime within the national police administration. It will be operational within the next few weeks.

We must also consider the possible consequences of this type of crime for national security. Information networks are a vital infrastructure for our country. What they carry may be virtual in nature, but the attacks that target them are very real indeed. That is why I have instructed the national defence Secretariat to study and develop awareness of this problem. Major funding will be devoted to it; the Secretariat's budget will be increased by nearly 20% beginning with the budget for 2000.

We are adapting our laws to the growth of the information society. The Administration has already prepared three major bills in this area.

First of all, the next meeting of the Cabinet will examine a bill adapting the laws concerning proof to information technology and electronic signatures. This will remove the main legal obstacles to the development of virtual transactions.

In the same spirit, the bill proposal prepared by Justice Minister Guigou, adapting the European directive on the protection of personal information and modifying the French law on freedom of information, will be submitted in October to the national commission on freedom of information and to the national consulting commission on human rights. It could be debated in the Legislature as early as the end of next winter. Its purpose is to adapt our legislation, which dates from twenty years ago, while maintaining protection of individual freedoms.

Finally, the broadcast law sponsored by the Minister for Culture and Communication, Catherine Trautmann, takes the rapid development of information technology into consideration. The consultation on the development of terrestrial digital broadcast television will be complete one month from now. The purpose of the governmental decisions which will subsequently be made is to ensure access to true diversity of content for the greatest possible number. The necessary legislative measures will then be integrated into the current broadcasting bill.

Further, the amendment proposed by the Member of Parliament Mr. Patrick Bloche will, with the Administration's support clarify the conditions governing the responsibility of Internet service providers. It will have to be carefully written to ensure that respect of the rights of all parties is guaranteed.

Other major issues are raised by the development of the information society, and they must be considered in a global context. I take this opportunity to announce that the Administration will be presenting a bill on the information society to the Legislature early in 2000. I have asked the Minister of the Economy, Finance, and Industry, Mr. Dominique Strauss-Kahn, to prepare this text in close collaboration with the Minister of Justice and the Minister for Culture and Communication. Let me highlight here two of its aspects which I know have particular significance for all of you.

Freedom of communication is the foundation of the Internet, and the development of the Internet, in turn, benefits freedom of communication. To guarantee that this principle is followed, we must concretely define the conditions of its application. Certain essential decisions are the province of the law. Such is the case, for example, of the freedom to use cryptology to ensure the confidentiality of communication. It will also be necessary to adapt our legislation in the area of consumer protection, in particular in order to ensure transparency and security of sales practices on the Internet. This will also be an opportunity to adapt laws to provide the judicial authorities with the legal means to fulfill their mission of combating crime.

The network also needs an appropriate form of regulation. Following the opinion of the Conseil d'Etat, this Administration feels that the Internet, by its very nature, does not lend itself to regulation by a specific independent governmental authority. Based on experiments that have been conducted in France and abroad, which combine regulation with self-policing, the Administration will propose the establishment of an entity which will associate both private and public actors for the purpose of developing consensus and applying a code of ethics.

Protection of content and copyright is the second aspect I would like to highlight. It is natural - and even beneficial - that intellectual works find a new arena for dissemination in digital space. But such works are not like other merchandise. Their creators should maintain an inviolable tie with them once disseminated. That is why we remain fundamentally in favour of the concept of copyright. It is a precious guarantee for the creator whose interests it protects, as well as for society as a whole, since it provides a legal framework within which cultural life can blossom. It is our Administration's wish that this guarantee should also extend fully to the domain of the Internet.

I have heard it said that the complex mechanisms of implementation of copyright are an obstacle to the development of a real industry providing French and European content. Although I am convinced of the necessity of respecting the principle of copyright, I also feel that we must maintain openness and flexibility to adapt legislation in order to encourage the growth of French content. That is why I have asked the Minister for Culture and Communication, in collaboration with the other ministers concerned - the Justice Minister and the Junior Minister for Industry - to study and to gather opinions on the concept of collective work, on the status of salaried creative production, and in general on the conditions of the devolution of rights within contractual frameworks. I hope that the conclusions of that study will be submitted to me by the end of the year.

I know that piracy of works is among the most urgent issues. It threatens the very existence of some French companies involved in creative work. The solution very probably lies in the development of technical procedures for protection against unauthorized copying and counterfeiting. To this end, my Administration is open to any and all solutions which could avoid serious difficulties for French creative companies who are victims of piracy. Extending the solutions already in use for other media - such as audio and video cassettes - should be seriously studied.

As part of the project for the bill, the major choices my Administration intends to propose to the Legislature will be presented in a policy document which will be made public in October and opened to wider consultation.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

You are among the most highly motivated actors in a profound process of change which goes far beyond the realm of technology to affect our economy, our culture, and our entire society.

Our relationship to the space we inhabit and to other people, the ways in which we produce as well as consume, our habits regarding learning and leisure, our day-to-day environment, the status of our language and our culture in the world, our participation in the trend towards globalization, but also our affirmation of our identity: these are what is at stake with the mastery of information and communication technology.

Be assured that our Administration is at your side as we conquer this new modernity, master it, and ensure that its fruits are shared by all.

 

Société de l'information : discours du Premier ministre à l'Université d'été de la communication

 

Hourtin, jeudi 26 août 1999


I. L'intégralité du discours (texte)

Mesdames et Messieurs,

Je suis très heureux de vous rejoindre à Hourtin pour cette vingtième Université de la communication. Deux années se sont écoulées depuis notre dernière rencontre, ici même, le 25 août 1997. Deux années marquées, pour le gouvernement, par une démarche volontariste en faveur des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication. Deux années d'une profonde mutation collective : l'entrée de la France dans la société de l'information. C'est sur le sens que je donne à ce changement pour notre pays que je souhaiterais revenir, avant de vous indiquer ce que sera la politique du Gouvernement pour la période qui vient.

 

Il y a deux ans, vous le savez, la France accusait un retard d'autant plus regrettable que notre pays ne manquait ni d'idées, ni de technologies, ni d'entrepreneurs, ni de personnels qualifiés. Télécommunications, téléviseurs et décodeurs numériques, logiciels pédagogiques et jeux, technologies de sécurité -comme la carte à puce-, animation et imagerie de synthèse : la France avait des atouts à faire valoir. Mais en même temps, les blocages étaient nombreux, les enjeux mal perçus et la volonté politique de l'Etat absente.

 

Depuis deux ans, bien du chemin aura été parcouru : aujourd'hui, les Français s'approprient les outils de la société de l'information. Les ventes de micro-ordinateurs ont dépassé celles des téléviseurs. Quinze millions de Français possèdent un téléphone mobile. Même s'il demeure un retard français en ce domaine, l'usage de l'internet a connu dans les six derniers mois une progression spectaculaire -de 45%- qui permet d'envisager un rattrapage rapide. Le secteur des technologies de l'information et de la communication pèse désormais 5 % du PIB national : c'est-à-dire plus que le tourisme et autant que les secteurs de l'automobile et de l'énergie réunis. Le dynamisme de nos entreprises dans ces secteurs leur permet d'occuper globalement le quatrième rang mondial. Ainsi, depuis deux ans, la France comble son retard. Dans certains domaines - l'éducation, l'innovation technologique-, elle prend même de l'avance.

 

Ce sursaut n'allait pas de soi. Il s'appuie sur la politique volontariste déployée par le Gouvernement, politique dont j'ai ici même donné les grandes priorités il y a deux ans et qui s'est traduite par un ambitieux programme d'action lancé en janvier 1998. Des moyens très importants -près de six milliards de francs- lui ont été consacrés.

 

L'impulsion ainsi donnée par le Gouvernement était indispensable. L'attentisme n'était plus de mise. S'en remettre à la seule spontanéité du marché -en l'occurrence prise en défaut- aurait été dangereux. Il était de la responsabilité de l'Etat de donner le signal d'un vaste mouvement collectif.

 

D'abord parce qu'il s'agit d'un secteur stratégique : l'un de ceux qui tirent la croissance. Le centre de gravité de l'activité économique se déplace, au point que se dessine ce que certains appellent une " nouvelle économie ". Si la formule est peut-être excessive, elle recouvre un changement bien réel dont le Gouvernement a pris la mesure. Des métiers nouveaux émergent, qu'il faut apprendre à maîtriser. Des produits et des services innovants apparaissent, qu'il faut savoir fournir. Les fonctions de toutes les entreprises sont amenées à évoluer, de la conception des produits jusqu'à leur diffusion auprès du consommateur - l'essor du commerce électronique le souligne.

 

La contribution à l'emploi de ces secteurs d'activité est déterminante. C'est l'emploi des jeunes, en particulier, qui en bénéficie. Le secteur de l'informatique concentre ainsi le quart des cadres embauchés en 1998. Je me réjouis aussi que la France compte, en Europe, la plus forte proportion d'internautes parmi les jeunes : outil d'ouverture et de créativité, le réseau offre à notre jeunesse une formidable perspective. Il suffit de constater la moyenne d'âge des créateurs de " start-ups ", des développeurs de jeux et de services en ligne.

Par-delà cette nouvelle donne économique, ce qui est en jeu est plus profond encore. Il s'agit là d'un secteur qui modèle notre société. L'information et la communication jouent un rôle croissant dans notre vie moderne ; elles participent de nos libertés. Elles doivent donc servir la diversité culturelle et non l'amoindrir. C'est pourquoi la façon dont sont conduits les développements de la société de l'information est décisive : à nous de faire en sorte que l'espace de communication qui prend forme soit démocratique, solidaire et pluraliste.

 

Dans une perspective plus large, l'impulsion donnée par le Gouvernement à ce secteur stratégique me semble exemplaire de ce que peut être le rôle d'un Etat moderne dans une économie de marché.

 

Un Etat moderne est un Etat qui regarde loin. Un Etat qui met ses moyens au service de l'anticipation, de la veille technologique, de la compréhension des mouvements profonds qui façonnent le monde de demain. La recherche, dans ce domaine, doit être prioritaire. Lors du Comité interministériel de la recherche scientifique et technique, le 1er juin dernier, nous avons décidé la mise en place d'un comité de coordination des sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication. Celui-ci rapprochera les activités des organismes de recherche et des établissements d'enseignement supérieur. Il dressera un bilan et fera des propositions dès l'automne.

Cet effort d'anticipation doit permettre à la collectivité nationale de tirer le meilleur parti de l'excellence de notre recherche dans les télécommunications et certains domaines informatiques pointus. Le rapport remis en juin par M. Jean-François ABRAMATIC au secrétaire d'Etat à l'Industrie, M. Christian PIERRET, relatif au développement technique de l'internet, apporte déjà un éclairage précieux à cette importante question. Nos moyens, encore trop faibles au regard de l'importance économique de ces technologies, doivent être renforcés et mieux orientés. Le retard français -qui est aussi un retard européen- pourra ainsi être comblé et nous serons dans le peloton de tête pour le développement de la deuxième génération de l'internet. Je vous annonce que le prochain comité interministériel pour la société de l'information, qui pourrait se tenir à la fin de l'année, sera consacré à cet enjeu capital.

 

Un Etat moderne est un Etat qui sait donner des impulsions sans se substituer aux acteurs de la société -citoyens, associations, entreprises, collectivités territoriales : l'Etat épaule leurs efforts, en leur donnant les moyens d'agir par eux-mêmes. C'est ce que nous faisons, en ce moment encore, à travers l'élaboration des contrats de plan entre l'Etat et les régions, qui ont vocation à contribuer au développement équilibré de ces technologies sur notre territoire.

 

Un Etat moderne, c'est un Etat qui donne l'exemple. L'administration française devient " électronique ". En janvier, nous avons publié le décret rendant opposables à l'administration les formulaires mis en ligne. Cette année, près d'un million de contribuables ont calculé le montant de l'impôt sur le revenu par l'internet. Depuis le début de l'été, les annonces de marchés publics sont disponibles sur le réseau. Nous poursuivons ainsi dans le sens de la diffusion gratuite sur l'internet des données publiques les plus utiles à nos concitoyens et à nos entreprises. Et je me réjouis qu'une autre université d'été -celle d'Amsterdam- ait classé les sites français au premier rang des sites publics des pays de l'Union européenne.

 

Un Etat moderne est un Etat qui assume ses responsabilités dans le fonctionnement d'une économie de marché. Lui revient, en particulier, la définition des normes applicables. C'est ce que nous avons fait. Par exemple, en mars dernier, deux décrets ont rendu effective la décision de relever à 128 bits le seuil de la cryptologie d'emploi libre, préalable à la liberté complète d'utilisation, laquelle suppose une modification législative. Ces décisions sont, vous le savez, d'une grande importance, puisqu'elles garantissent à la fois le secret des correspondances et la sécurité des transactions.

 

Un Etat moderne est un Etat qui garantit les principes et porte les valeurs que la société s'est choisi. Un Etat qui veille au respect, dans l'espace numérique, de valeurs essentielles de liberté, d'égalité et de fraternité. L'essor des technologies de l'information ne doit pas creuser un " fossé numérique ". L'internet ne doit pas nourrir de nouvelles inégalités dans l'accès au savoir. Il revient au service public de veiller au développement équilibré de ces technologies sur le territoire national et à l'égal accès de tous aux contenus essentiels que diffusent ces réseaux. A travers l'Ecole, en particulier, l'Etat peut prévenir " l'illectronisme ", avant qu'il ne devienne un nouvel avatar de l'illettrisme. Nous nous en donnons les moyens : le taux de raccordement des lycées et des collèges à l'internet est aujourd'hui l'un des plus élevés du monde, grâce à l'action engagée par le ministre de l'Education nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie, M. Claude ALLEGRE, avec le soutien des collectivités locales. Il s'inscrit dans une politique globale qui a concerné autant la formation des enseignants et la production de contenus pédagogiques multimédias que l'équipement des établissements scolaires. Et depuis la mi-juillet, le débit de base du réseau internet pour la recherche et l'éducation -RENATER- a été porté à 155 mégabits par seconde.

Un internet démocratique, c'est aussi un internet moins coûteux. La concertation sur les conditions tarifaires d'accès à l'internet, que le Gouvernement avait appelée de ses voeux, a porté ses fruits. Elle se traduit par le lancement de plusieurs offres de forfaits d'accès à l'internet par le téléphone, dont celle de France Télécom depuis le 1er août. Les tarifs d'accès à l'internet sont désormais inférieurs en France à ce qu'ils sont au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne ou en Finlande. Ces conditions favorables, conjuguées avec la multiplication des formules d'Internet sans abonnement, la relance de l'investissement dans les réseaux câblés et le lancement par France Télécom de l'ADSL, encouragent le grand dynamisme du marché français de l'internet. La consultation publique sur les conditions d'accès à la boucle locale, lancée par l'Autorité de régulation des télécommunications jusqu'à la fin de l'année, permettra enfin d'éclairer utilement de futures décisions publiques.

Le bilan positif des deux années passées nous invite à poursuivre et à intensifier notre effort. Au-delà de ce que je vous ai déjà indiqué sur la recherche, je voudrais évoquer devant vous plusieurs grandes orientations de travail.

 

Nous préparons activement le passage électronique à l'an 2000. Depuis 1997, le Gouvernement met tout en oeuvre pour que nous passions sans dommage ce cap important. Notre pays a pris ce défi au sérieux : 50.000 informaticiens travaillent sur le sujet depuis plus de dix-huit mois et les dépenses de préparation représentent plus d'un pour-cent du PIB français. La France compte désormais parmi les pays industrialisés les mieux préparés. Je voudrais néanmoins mettre à nouveau en garde ceux des responsables -notamment au sein des très petites entreprises- qui pensent encore, à tort, ne pas être concernés par le risque du " bogue de l'an 2000 ".

Les vérifications actuelles s'attachent à identifier les dysfonctionnements résiduels qui pourraient apparaître au moment du passage et dans les jours qui le suivront. Des plans d'accompagnement -incluant des mesures de garantie- ont été élaborés par les pouvoirs publics. Nous ferons le point le 22 septembre prochain, d'abord au Conseil des ministres, à l'ordre du jour duquel sera inscrit l'examen de l'état de préparation du pays, puis lors du Comité national pour le passage électronique à l'an 2000.

 

Nous luttons contre les nouvelles formes de criminalité fondées sur les technologies de l'information. Cette criminalité se développe en effet rapidement. Elle appelle un renforcement de la coopération internationale en matière judiciaire. Pour ce qui nous concerne, il nous faut mieux coordonner les différents services qui agissent déjà contre cette délinquance. C'est dans ce but que Mme Elisabeth GUIGOU, ministre de la Justice, M. Jean-Pierre CHEVENEMENT, ministre de l'Intérieur, et moi-même, avons décidé de créer au sein de la Direction générale de la Police nationale un office central de lutte contre la criminalité liée aux technologies de l'information. Il sera opérationnel dans les semaines à venir.

Par ailleurs, une réflexion s'impose sur les conséquences possibles de cette criminalité pour la sécurité nationale. Les réseaux d'information sont en effet une infrastructure vitale pour notre pays. Si les flux qu'ils transportent sont immatériels, les attaques dont ils peuvent être la cible sont, elles, bien réelles. C'est pourquoi j'ai confié au Secrétariat général à la défense nationale une mission de réflexion et de veille. Des moyens importants lui seront consacrés, puisque le budget du Secrétariat sera accru de près de 20 % dès la loi de finances 2000.

 

Nous adaptons notre droit à l'essor de la société de l'information. Dans cette perspective, le Gouvernement a déjà préparé trois textes importants.

Tout d'abord, je vous annonce que sera présenté lors du prochain Conseil des ministres le projet de loi portant adaptation du droit de la preuve aux technologies de l'information et relatif à la signature électronique. Les principaux obstacles juridiques au développement des transactions dématérialisées pourront ainsi être levés.

Dans le même esprit, l'avant-projet de loi préparé par la ministre de la Justice, Mme Elisabeth GUIGOU, qui transpose la directive communautaire sur la protection des données personnelles et qui modifie notre loi relative à l'informatique, aux fichiers et aux libertés, sera transmis pour avis, au début du mois d'octobre, à la Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés ainsi qu'à la Commission nationale consultative des droits de l'homme. Sa discussion pourra être engagée au Parlement dès la fin de l'hiver prochain. Il s'agira d'adapter notre législation vieille de vingt ans en maintenant les exigences de protection de la liberté individuelle.

Enfin, la loi sur l'audiovisuel portée par la ministre de la Culture et de la Communication, Mme Catherine TRAUTMANN, prend en compte l'essor des technologies de l'information. La consultation engagée sur le développement du numérique hertzien terrestre s'achèvera dans un mois. Les décisions gouvernementales qui la suivront auront pour objectif l'accès du plus grand nombre à une véritable diversité de contenus. Les dispositions législatives nécessaires seront intégrées à ce stade dans l'actuel projet de loi sur l'audiovisuel.

Par ailleurs, l'amendement proposé, avec le soutien du Gouvernement, par M. Patrick BLOCHE, député, permet de clarifier les conditions de responsabilité des intermédiaires techniques sur l'internet. Sa rédaction devra être précisée afin que soit bien garanti le respect des droits de chacun.

D'autres questions majeures restent posées par le développement de la société de l'information, qui doivent être envisagées dans leur globalité. Je vous annonce que le Gouvernement présentera au Parlement au début de l'année 2000 un projet de loi sur la société de l'information. J'ai demandé à M. Dominique STRAUSS KAHN, ministre de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie, de préparer ce texte en étroite liaison avec Mme la ministre de la Justice et Mme la ministre de la Culture et de la communication. Je voudrais évoquer ici deux de ses aspects qui, je le sais, sont d'une importance particulière pour vous tous.

 

La liberté de communication est le fondement de l'internet, autant qu'elle bénéficie, en retour, de son développement. Pour garantir le respect de ce principe, nous devons en définir concrètement les conditions d'exercice. Certaines décisions indispensables relèvent de la loi. Il en va ainsi, par exemple, de la liberté d'user de la cryptologie pour assurer la confidentialité des communications. Il sera également nécessaire d'adapter notre cadre législatif en matière de protection du consommateur, en particulier pour veiller à la transparence et à la sécurité des pratiques commerciales sur l'internet. Ce sera aussi l'occasion d'adapter notre droit afin de donner à l'autorité judiciaire les moyens juridiques de remplir sa mission de lutte contre la délinquance.

Le réseau a en outre besoin d'une forme de régulation adaptée. Suivant en cela l'avis du Conseil d'Etat, le Gouvernement estime que la nature même de l'internet ne conduit pas à en confier la régulation à une autorité administrative indépendante spécifique. S'appuyant sur les expériences déjà menées en France et à l'étranger, qui mêlent régulation et auto-régulation, le Gouvernement proposera la mise en place d'un organisme qui associera, dans un but de concertation et de déontologie, acteurs publics et privés.

 

La protection des contenus et des droits des auteurs est le second aspect dont je voudrais vous parler. Il est naturel -heureux, même- que les oeuvres de l'esprit trouvent, dans l'espace numérique, un nouveau champ de diffusion. Mais ces oeuvres ne sont pas des marchandises comme les autres. Le créateur doit conserver son lien intangible avec l'oeuvre une fois celle-ci diffusée. C'est pourquoi nous restons fondamentalement attachés au régime du droit d'auteur. Celui-ci est une garantie précieuse, pour le créateur dont elle protège les intérêts, comme pour la société tout entière à qui elle offre le cadre juridique d'un épanouissement de la vie culturelle. Le Gouvernement souhaite que cette garantie bénéficie pleinement aux acteurs de l'internet.

J'entends parfois dire que les mécanismes complexes de la mise en oeuvre du régime du droit d'auteur sont un frein au développement d'une véritable industrie de contenus français et européens. Autant je suis convaincu qu'il ne faut pas transiger sur les principes qui fondent ce régime, autant je pense qu'il faut être ouvert à des adaptations ponctuelles si celles-ci sont indispensables à l'essor des contenus français. C'est pourquoi j'ai demandé à la ministre de la Culture et de la Communication, en liaison avec les ministres concernés -la ministre de la Justice et le secrétaire d'Etat à l'Industrie- de conduire une réflexion et une concertation sur la notion d'oeuvre collective, sur le statut de la création salariée et, de manière générale, sur les conditions de dévolution des droits dans un cadre contractuel. Je souhaite que les conclusions de cette réflexion me soient remises avant la fin de l'année.

Je sais que la question du piratage des oeuvres est une de celles qui se posent avec le plus d'acuité. Il en va de l'existence même de certaines entreprises françaises de création. La solution réside très probablement dans la mise en place de procédés techniques de protection contre la copie illicite et la contrefaçon. Dans cette attente, mon Gouvernement est ouvert à toute solution qui permette d'éviter de graves difficultés à des entreprises françaises créatrices de contenus victimes du piratage. L'extension des solutions retenues pour d'autres supports -je pense aux cassettes audio et vidéo- doit être sérieusement mise à l'étude.

Dans le cadre de ce projet de loi, les grands choix que le Gouvernement entend proposer au Parlement feront l'objet d'un document d'orientation qui sera rendu public et soumis, dès le mois d'octobre, à une large consultation.

Mesdames et Messieurs,

Vous comptez parmi les acteurs les plus motivés d'une profonde mutation qui dépasse largement le champ technologique pour rejaillir sur notre économie, sur notre culture, sur notre société tout entière.

Notre rapport à l'espace et aux autres, nos façons de produire comme de consommer, nos habitudes de formation et de loisir, notre environnement quotidien autant que la place de notre langue et de notre culture à travers le monde, notre insertion dans le courant de la mondialisation, mais aussi l'affirmation de notre identité : voilà ce qui est en jeu à travers la maîtrise des technologies de l'information et de la communication.

Soyez assurés que le Gouvernement se tient à vos côtés pour conquérir cette modernité, la maîtriser et en faire partager les fruits par le plus grand nombre.

 

Leggi


Legge 31 luglio 1997 n° 249 Istituzione dell'Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni e norme sui sistemi delle telecomunicazioni e radiotelevisivo



Pagina precedente